Polyurethane (PU), whose full name is polyurethane, is a polymer compound. This object was made by Otto Bayer and others in 1937. Polyurethane is divided into two categories: polyester type and polyether type. They can be made into polyurethane plastic (mainly foam plastic), polyurethane fiber (called spandex in China), polyurethane rubber and elastomers. Soft polyurethane is mainly a thermoplastic linear structure. It has better stability, chemical resistance, resilience and mechanical properties than PVC foam materials, and has smaller compression deformation. It has good heat insulation, sound insulation, earthquake resistance and anti-toxic properties. Therefore it is used as packaging, sound insulation and filtering materials. Rigid polyurethane plastic is lightweight, has superior sound and thermal insulation properties, is resistant to chemicals, has good electrical properties, is easy to process, and has low water absorption. It is mainly used in structural materials for construction, automobiles, aviation industry, and thermal insulation. The performance of polyurethane elastomer is between that of plastic and rubber, with oil resistance, wear resistance, low temperature resistance, aging resistance, high hardness and elasticity. Mainly used in shoemaking industry and medical industry. Polyurethane can also be used to make adhesives, coatings, synthetic leather, etc. Polyurethane appeared in the 1930s. After nearly eighty years of technological development, this material has been widely used in the fields of home furnishing, construction, daily necessities, transportation, home appliances, etc.
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