The flame retardancy of fibers includes decorative cloths and fabrics for clothing, public facilities and transportation, etc. , it is increasingly necessary to consider flame retardant issues. Various foreign laws and regulations have been formulated to control the fire protection standards of fiber fabrics.
To make the fiber flame retardant, you can use flame retardants, or you can Flame retardant through fabric finishing. There are many types of additive flame retardants for fibers, mainly bromine- and phosphorus-containing organic compounds, polymers and oligomers. Reactive flame retardants are generally dibasic acids, dibasic acid esters or diols containing flame retardant elements.
The best way to make fiber finishing flame retardant (i.e. fireproof finishing) It is to control pyrolysis so that it does not produce flammable gases but only produces non-flammable decomposition products and solid residues, especially to cause dehydration and carbonization of fibers. Phosphorus-containing compounds can meet this requirement. It was found that when a phosphorus atom is connected to a nitrogen atom, the P atom of the P-N bond has a more significant electrophilicity. Therefore, it has P—NThe phosphide of the bond interacts with the one-OH group of the fiber to form an ester, which increases the dehydration reaction capacity of the fiber, that is, the P-N synergistic effect. Therefore, most fireproof finishing agents for fiber finishing use compounds containing phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be divided into three types,
(1) Temporary fire retardant finishing agent Impregnating the fiber in aqueous solution of fire retardant finishing agent and then drying it can maintain the good fire retardant properties of the fabric, but it will lose all effect once it is washed with water. This type of fire retardant includes ammonium hydrogen phosphate, alkyl ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, inorganic bromide, borax, boric acid, etc., which can be used for curtains and curtains that are not frequently cleaned in theaters, office buildings, underground shopping malls, etc.
(2) Semi-durable fire retardant finishing agents can generally withstand 3 to 5 times of washing or dry cleaning. For example, commercial flame retardant 462-5 is a halogen phosphide, suitable for polyester, TY -1086 is an organic ammonium polyphosphate, suitable for cellulose fibers, wool, etc., as well as other varieties.
(3) Durable fireproof finishing agent uses chemical methods to The interior or surface layer of the fiber undergoes polymerization or condensation to form a polymer that is insoluble in water and solvents, or is adhered to the fiber with insoluble substances such as latex and resin. After being washed 50 times, the fabric still basically maintains good fire retardant effect.
