Phosphorus flame retardants can be divided into reactive flame retardants and additive flame retardants according to their usage methods. Additive flame retardants are convenient to use and have a wide range of applications. Reactive flame retardants have good compatibility and stable flame retardant effects, and are widely favored by people.
According to the properties and composition of phosphorus flame retardants, they can be divided into inorganic flame retardants and organic flame retardants, among which inorganic flame retardantsIncluding red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), etc., most organic flame retardants are phosphates, phosphonates, phosphine oxides, phosphonites, etc., and there are many types and derivatives of organic flame retardants.
Classified by properties and composition
Inorganic flame retardants
Composition: red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate, polyphosphate, ammonium phosphate
Features: Simple to use, easy to mix with other flame retardants, but low water resistance, poor compatibility with polyolefins, and easy migration
Organic flame retardants
Composition: triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, propylbenzene phosphate, butylbenzene phosphate, toluene diphenyl phosphate
Features: It has dual functions of flame retardant and plasticizing. Since organophosphorus flame retardants are mostly oily, they are not easily compatible with the substrate
Classified by usage
Added flame retardants
Composition: most inorganic flame retardants, organic flame retardants and synergistic flame retardants
Features: Added during polymer processing, the amount of flame retardant can be controlled and the ratio of flame retardants to other additives can be adjusted
Reactive flame retardant
Composition: vinyl derivatives, halogen-containing compounds, hydroxyl-containing derivatives, epoxy compounds
Features: As one of the monomers during the polymerization process, the flame retardant structure is added to the molecular chain, and the flame retardant effect is stable.
Phosphorus flame retardants are widely used in common plastics. In addition to adding inorganic flame retardants or organic flame retardants separately, sometimes organic/inorganic flame retardants are added. The phosphorus flame retardants are used in different proportions, or synergistically with flame retardants containing other elements to form a stable carbon layer structure. The main methods for applying phosphorus flame retardants in plastics include synergistic methods, organic addition methods, inorganic addition methods, Reactive flame retardant method, microencapsulation, ultrafine nanotechnology, etc. are widely used in polystyrene, polypropylene, polyurethane and nylon.
