Background and overview[1]
Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant that does not dissociate in water and has high stability in solution. It is not easily affected by strong electrolyte inorganic salts and can interact with phospholipids and other lipids in biological membranes. The hydrophobic end can also combine with the hydrophobic region of membrane proteins to form a complex, which is dissolved in the solution.
Apply[2-3]
1. Cervical liquid-based cell detection technology (TCT) has significantly improved the quality of cervical cell preparation, making the cells evenly distributed on the glass slide, removing mucus, red blood cells and inflammatory exudates, ensuring the integrity of the cells It also preserves the antigen biological activity of cells and is often used in immunocytochemistry detection. However, in actual operation, we found that during the immunocytochemical smear process of TCT, compared with the corresponding tissue slices, the cell positivity rate and expression intensity of markers stained by nuclei and cytoplasm were low.
Using Triton X-100 to treat cell sheets solved the above problems and achieved satisfactory results. TritonX-100 is a nonionic surfactant (commonly known as a detergent) that can dissolve the cell membrane in immunocytochemistry by dissolving the lipid components on the cell membrane, allowing antibodies to enter cells and bind to antigens.
After being treated with Triton X-100 twice, the cell membrane is completely dissolved and the antibodies are fully combined with the corresponding antigens, thereby increasing the positive detection rate of the cells, enhancing the blocking effect of hydrogen peroxide and the blocking effect of serum, and reducing the background. Especially useful in immunocytochemistry. When treating glass slides with TritonX-100, the concentration is 0.3% and the time is 1 min for the first time, and the concentration is 0.1% and the time is 15 min for the second time. If the concentration is too high or the time is too long, the tissue structure will be destroyed, non-specific background coloring will occur, and it will also cause detachment.
2. Heavy oil refers to crude oil with a viscosity of degassed crude oil exceeding 100mPa·s at formation temperature. Due to its characteristics of high viscosity, high density and poor fluidity, its extraction and transportation are still key research directions in the future. In addition, the extraction of heavy oil is still the main task in my country at this stage, and its extraction process is more complex than conventional crude oil. The viscosity reduction process not only requires high viscosity reduction performance, but also requires simple operation, environmental protection, and high economic value.
At present, the viscosity reduction technologies that are widely used in China include dilute oil viscosity reduction, microbial viscosity reduction, catalytic cracking viscosity reduction, heat treatment viscosity reduction, emulsification viscosity reduction, etc. By comparison, viscosity reduction by dilute oil addition may cause wax deposition and oil The product quality has declined, the economy is unreasonable, the development of microbial viscosity reduction is still immature, the technical requirements for catalytic cracking viscosity reduction are high, the catalyst products are easy to pollute the environment, the catalytic treatment temperature is high, and the energy consumption of heat treatment viscosity reduction investment is high. It is found that emulsification viscosity reduction is the key to thickening. In the oil viscosity reduction process, it is a viscosity reduction method with better viscosity reduction effect, higher economic value and more environmentally friendly post-processing work.
Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant. It does not ionize in aqueous solution and has high stability; and it has good compatibility with other types of surfactants. , has strong dissolving properties. Dodecyldimethylbetaine (BS-12) is a zwitterionic surfactant with high solubility and excellent stability in a wide pH range; in an alkaline aqueous solution environment, BS-12 It will exhibit the characteristics of anionic surfactants, and in an acidic aqueous solution environment, it will exhibit the characteristics of cationic surfactants.
At the same time, adding a small amount of alkaline reactants to the heavy oil can neutralize the acidic substances in the oil and react with them to generate natural surfactants, which invert the phase of the heavy oil to form an O/W emulsion, thus reducing the Heavy oil flow resistance. In an alkali-free environment, the viscosity of heavy oil gradually decreases with the increase of Triton X-100 mass fraction.
When the mass fraction of Triton X-100 is 1.6%, the emulsification and reduction effect of heavy oil is better, and the viscosity reduction rate is 75.93%. The compound system of Triton X-100 and BS-12 has a synergistic effect on the emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil. The emulsification and viscosity reduction effect of Triton Using Triton X-100 aqueous solution alone is better, with a viscosity reduction rate of 92.63%. In an alkaline environment, the compound system of Triton X-100 and BS-12 has the best emulsification and viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil, with a viscosity reduction rate of 93.14% and higher emulsifier stability.
Toxicity[4]
Zhou Xiping used a 24-hour hydrostatic acute toxicity test to study the general acute toxic effects of gasoline, diesel, engine oil and triton on Philippine clams. Triton is a substance that can cause high toxicity to organisms at low concentrations.
Main reference materials
[1] Zuo Jinhua, Xu Huiying, Yang Youcheng, Li Wuxiu, Lu Zenghua, Wu Shuhua, Ma Yun. Experimental study on the effect of Triton X-100 on the preparation of acellular dermal matrix [J]. Shandong Medicine, 2005(11):11 -12.
[2] Lu Ping, Zhang Gu. Application of Quratong in immunocytochemical staining of cervical liquid-based cells [J]. Modern Practical Medicine, 2008(10):812+826+831.
[3] Lu Wenyi, Wu Yuguo, Zhang Mengke, Liu Meng, Yang Honglin. Effect of triton and betaine compound viscosity reducing agent on the viscosity reducing effect of heavy oil emulsification [J/OL]. Journal of Liaoning University of Petrochemical Technology, 2019 (01):1-3[2018-10-24].
[4] Zhou Xiping, Chen Conghui, Du Jia, Chen Xiafei, Cai Kehong, Liu Bin. Acute toxic effects of four petroleum products and triton on Philippine clams [J]. Journal of Quanzhou Normal University, 2015, 33(06):19-23.
