Preface
Silicon is an important petrochemical alternative, energy material and electronic material. The abundance of silicon in the earth’s crust is 27%, second only to oxygen (46%), and about 1,000 times that of carbon. It is extremely rich in resources and has huge development potential. For a long time, the development and utilization of silicon materials has been the focus of attention of the industry and the whole society. How silicon is transformed from its initial form into different types of downstream products is illustrated in the following figure.
Metal silicon, also known as industrial silicon or crystalline silicon, is usually produced by reducing silicon dioxide with carbon in an electric furnace. The main use is as a non-ferrous base Additives for alloys and starting materials for the production of semiconductor silicon and organic silicon. In 2016, China’s silicon metal production reached 2.15 million tons, and the domestic average operating rate was 46.7%. Major domestic silicon metal companies include Hesheng Silicon, Hubei Sanxin Silicon, Siziwangqi Jiahui Silicon, Yunnan Yongchang Silicon, Tianfu Silicon, Jingxin Silicon, etc. Since metal silicon production requires a large amount of energy, energy costs account for more than 50% of the total costs. Therefore, China’s silicon metal companies are concentrated in the southwest region with rich hydropower resources, or in the northwest and northeast regions with low-priced electricity resources.
Quartz glass is glass composed of a single oxide, silica. The Si-O bonds in silica are strong, with about half covalent bonds and ionic bonds. It is a typical network-forming oxidation things. Quartz glass has excellent physical and chemical properties: high purity, high mechanical strength, good chemical stability, wide spectral transmission, thermal shock resistance, high temperature deformation resistance, radiation resistance and electrical insulation, etc. my country’s quartz glass industry has a low degree of concentration, with certain scales mainly distributed in North China (Beijing, Langfang), East China (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), Northeast China (Liaoning), Central China (Hubei) and other places, and are dominated by private enterprises. . The main enterprises include China National Academy of Building Materials Research, Beijing Jingelan Quartz Glass Co., Ltd., Jiuzhi Optoelectronic Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Kaide Quartz Plastic Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai Qianghua Quartz Co., Ltd., and Hubei Feilihua Quartz Glass. Co., Ltd., etc.
Functional silanes, silicone rubber, silicone oil and silicone resin are also called the four major categories of silicone materials; structurally speaking, silicone small molecules with a main chain of -Si-O-C- structure are usually They are collectively called functional silanes, and small molecule intermediates and polymer macromolecules with a main chain of -Si-O-Si- structure are generally called siloxanes, that is, silicone rubber, silicone oil and silicone resin products; from a functional perspective Look, functional silanes are mostly hybrid structures. Most products contain both polar and non-polar functional groups in the same molecule. They can serve as an interface bridge between inorganic materials and organic materials or directly participate in the cross-linking reaction of organic polymer materials. This significantly improves material performance. China has become the world’s largest producer, exporter and consumer of functional silanes. In 2016, the total effective production capacity was approximately 351,000 tons/year, the output was approximately 199,000 tons, and the consumption was 138,000 tons. The main manufacturing enterprises include Hubei Xinlantian, Jingzhou Jianghan, Jiangxi Hongbai, Nanjing Shuguang, etc.
Widely used in various industries, mainly used as rubber reinforcing agent, plastic filler, ink thickener, metal soft polishing agent, insulation filler, decolorizing agent, matting agent, advanced Daily cosmetic fillers and spray materials, medicine, environmental protection and other fields, and provide new material foundation and technical guarantee for the development of related industrial fields. Because it shows special functions compared with conventional materials in terms of magnetism, catalysis, light absorption, thermal resistance and melting point, it has received great attention. In 2016, China’s fumed silica production capacity was 125,800 tons, and its output reached 70,600 tons. The main domestic companies include Xin’an, Dongyue, Huifu, etc.
